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Late-Night Eating Linked to Higher Risk of Fatty Liver Disease and Cirrhosis in a Study of 199,000 Adults

People who regularly ate after dinner or after bedtime had a higher risk of fatty liver disease and cirrhosis in three large U.S. cohorts. Here’s what the study can and can’t tell you, and some low-risk habits to try.

Hard Intervals Helped Adults in Their 70s Lose Fat Without Losing Lean Mass, a 6-Month Study Finds

In a trial of 123 healthy older adults, high-intensity interval training trimmed fat while preserving lean mass. Other research is more mixed, and the differences were small.

Loneliness and Isolation May Cost Years of Healthy Life, a Study of 277,000 Adults Finds

People who were both lonely and socially isolated could expect up to 5.8 fewer years free of mental disorders. Healthy habits helped with one of the two, but not the other.

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Nicotine Vapes Helped More Smokers Quit Than Patches or Gum, a Review of 80 Trials Finds

An updated Cochrane review of nearly 30,000 smokers found regulated nicotine e-cigarettes beat nicotine patches and gum for quitting. Here’s what that does and doesn’t mean.

Coffee Drinkers Have a Different Gut Mix, a Small Study Finds. Decaf May Have Perks of Its Own

A small Irish study found regular coffee drinkers had distinct gut bacteria and metabolites, and that decaf and regular coffee may affect mood and memory differently.

Halloween Candy Without the Sugar Hangover: A Realistic Game Plan

Halloween falls on a Saturday this year, which means a weekend of treats. Here’s what current US guidance says about added sugar, plus simple, food-safe ways to enjoy the night without a weeklong candy binge.

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How Much Strength Training Do You Really Need? What the Research Says

Official guidelines call for strength work twice a week, and a 147,000-person study points to a sweet spot of about 90 to 120 minutes. Here’s what the evidence says and how to start.

How You Hold Your Arm Can Skew a Blood Pressure Reading by Nearly 7 Points

In a Johns Hopkins study, resting the arm on the lap or letting it hang raised blood pressure readings compared with a desk. Here’s how to measure at home the right way.

Dairy’s Natural Trans Fats Weren’t Linked to Heart Disease in a Review. Here’s the Fine Print

A review of 22 studies found no link between the trans fats that occur naturally in dairy and heart disease or diabetes. The work was funded by the dairy industry, and it has other limits worth knowing.

Even Weak Sunlight Can Damage Skin DNA Without a Burn, a Small Trial Finds

In a trial of 58 adults, UV doses too low to turn skin pink still caused measurable DNA damage, and weaker light was no gentler. Here’s what that means for sun protection in fall and winter.

Signs of Brain Aging May Show Up Decades Early, and the Gut Could Be Part of the Story

A UCLA study of nearly 1,500 mostly healthy adults found that brains that looked “older” on scans went along with weaker memory scores and, in one group, a different gut chemistry. It’s an early, observational finding.

Couples Who Exercise Report Better Communication. Doing It Together May Add a Little More

A survey of nearly 1,700 young married couples links regular exercise with better communication and less conflict. Working out together looked slightly better, but the edge was small.

Colorectal Cancer in Teens and Young Adults Is Often Found Late, a Study of 84 Patients Finds

A review of 84 patients age 21 or younger found most were diagnosed at an advanced stage, and only one in five had a family history. Here are the warning signs doctors say shouldn’t be brushed off.

A 20-Minute Walk Got the Gut Moving Within Minutes in a Small Study

In a small Japanese study, a 20-minute walk nearly doubled bowel sound activity within a couple of minutes. It’s a tiny study, but it fits long-standing advice on staying regular.

Silent Artery Plaque Is Common Even in Young Adults, a Study of 16,800 People Finds

A large imaging study found plaque in the arteries of more than half of apparently healthy adults, including about 1 in 13 people in their 20s. Here’s what it does and doesn’t mean.

Do You Really Need 10,000 Steps a Day? What the Research Says

The 10,000-step goal may trace back to a 1960s pedometer ad. Large studies suggest about 7,000 steps captures most of the benefit, and even small increases help.

Falling Back on November 1: How to Protect Your Sleep When the Clocks Change

Daylight saving time ends at 2 a.m. on Sunday, November 1. Here’s what the extra hour does to your body clock, who feels it most, and how sleep experts suggest you handle the switch.

Common Food Preservatives Linked to Higher Blood Pressure Risk in a Large Study

A study of more than 112,000 French adults linked higher intake of some everyday preservatives to more high blood pressure. Here’s what it found, and what it can’t tell us.